Boots Made For Walking

Continuing from my previous success with pre–civil registration brick-walls, I want to now focus on another distant ancestor, John Hammond — my mother’s father’s mother’s mother’s mother’s father — born c1796 in Leicestershire. John was a cordwainer, or boot and shoe maker, but seemed to flit to-and-fro between the neighbouring counties of Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire.[1] Was it really one person, or maybe two?

One of my g-g-grandmothers was an Elizabeth Annie Barradell, and she married a Benjamin Webber — the son of the Robert Webber mentioned in The Story of Three Brothers — on 27 Feb 1881 at Nottingham St. Peter.[2] Her father was a lace maker named Henry Barradell. I could see from the 1871 census that her mother was an Emma,[3] which helped confirm that Henry Barradell had married Emma Elizabeth Hammond on 11 Jun 1864 at Radford St. Peter, in Nottingham.[4] Note, however, that although the civil registration and parish register both recorded her name as Elizabeth Emma Hammonds (forenames switched and an extra ‘s’ on surname), and the associated newspaper notice gave her name as Elizabeth Emma Hammond (no extra ‘s’),[5] she never used this forename order anywhere else (see census tables below). In fact, she was born Emma Elizabeth Hammond in Leicester in c1844 to a mother with the maiden name Brewin,[6] and the other forename combination likely originated from a single clerical error at the time of the marriage.

Finding the birth of Elizabeth Annie Barradell was not straightforward because there was no visible baptism, and the civil registration of her birth, on 28 Jan 1863, was under the name of Elizabeth Ann (not Annie) Hammond (not Barradell), and with no father recorded.[7] In other words, she was born 18 months before her mother was married to Henry Barradell, and so her biological father was questionable even though she gave Henry’s name at her own marriage.

The marriage register identified Emma’s father as John,[8] and although her mother’s forename would soon come from the census, the following small tree illustrates the basic starting point for this research.

Figure 1 – Starting point for researching family tree of John Hammond.

Census

At this point, it was necessary to find these people in the various census returns of England — something that most people do with far less information in hand.

Name	Sex	Age	Birth year	Occupation	Place of birth
John	M	45	1796	Shoe Maker	Leics.
Catharine	F	35	1806	-	-
Wm [William]	M	21	1820	Shoe Maker	-
Elzth [Elizabeth]	F	11	1830	-	Leics
Cathe [Catherine]	F	7	1834	-	-
Maria	F	3	1838	-	-
Robt. Down	M	14	1827	Shoe Maker	Leics
Rd [Richard?] Townsend	M	23	1818	Shoe Maker	Leics

Table 1 – 1841: Household of John Hammond, Lower Church Gate, Leicester.[9]

Name	Role	Status	Sex	Age	Birth year	Occupation	Place of birth
John	Head	Married	M	55	1796	Cordwainer	Lester [Leicester]
Catherine	Wife	Married	F	46	1805	-	ditto
Emma E.	Daughter	-	F	7	1844	-	ditto
Anne M.	Daughter	-	F	5	1846	-	ditto
George Roberts	Lodger	Married	M	30	1821	Cordwainer	ditto
William Roberts	Lodger Son	-	M	3	1848	-	Hinckley, Leics.
Thomas Townshend	Lodger	-	M	17	1834	-	ditto

Table 2 – 1851: Household of John Hammond. 83 Wharf Street, Leicester.[10]

Name	Role	Status	Sex	Age	Birth year	Occupation	Place of birth
John	Head	Married	M	65	1796	Cordwainer	Wittick [a], Leics.
Catherine	Wife	Married	F	54	1807	-	Hoby, Leics. [b]
Emma E.	Daughter	-	F	17	1844	Factory Hand	Leicester
Anne M.	Daughter	-	F	15	1846	Factory Hand	ditto
Harriet	Daughter	-	F	9	1852	-	ditto

Table 3 – 1861: Household of John Hammond. 5 Pelican Street, Radford, Nottingham.[11]

[a] Wittick was probably meant to be Whitwick, but written as pronounced locally.

[b] Census appears to show “Harby” but she was baptised 28 Sep 1806 in Hoby parish, Leics., to Joseph and Elizabeth Brewin (“Leicestershire Baptisms”, Findmypast, accessed 16 May 2017).

This data is interesting, but also a little confusing. The 1851 and 1861 censuses are consistent, but 1841 shows an entirely different set of children for John and Catherine, and disagrees on the birthplace of Catherine. Do I have the right couple?

According to the 1851 and 1861 censuses, both parents and all their children were born in the county of Leicestershire, but they had moved to Nottingham by 1861. It’s temping to simply assume that the older children had left home and made way for newer children — this indeed being what some online trees had done. However, Maria would have only been 13 in 1851, had she been listed, so did she die young?

Figure 2 – Naïve, and ultimately incorrect, family tree of John Hammond.

There was a need for information from additional sources that would strain this rash hypothesis to see if it broke down.

Additional Sources

Looking at the parish records for Nottingham showed that John and Catherine’s daughter, Harriett, was born 3 May 1851 but baptised seven years later (21 Feb 1858) in Nottingham’s St. Barnabas RC parish.[12] However, the civil registration of her birth was actually in Leicester.[13] There are several possible explanations for this geographical split, including that they moved in between, or that the mother stayed with family for the birth, but the seven-year delay supports the idea that they had resettled in Nottingham about that time.

There were no further baptisms of children to John and Catherine in any parish of Nottingham.

Looking at the civil registrations for children of John Hammond and Catherine Hammond née Brewin revealed that they’d lost several young children while living in Leicestershire, and that the surviving ones were in agreement with the 1851 and 1861 censuses.

Name	Birth GRO Ref	Death GRO Ref
Maria	Leic Union, 1841/Q1 vol.15:106	Leic. Union, 1842/Q4 vol.15:64
Susanna	Leic. Union, 1843/Q1 vol.15:95	Leic. Union, 1843/Q4 vol.15:69
Emma Elizabeth	Leic. Union, 1844/Q1 vol.15:95
Anne Maria	Leic. Union, 1845/Q4 vol.15:86
John Edward	Leic., 1849/Q2 vol.15:139	Leic., 1850/Q4 vol.15:78
Harriett	Leic., 1851/Q2 vol.15:118

Table 4 – Civil registrations for children of John and Catherine (née Brewin).[14]

Except, that is, for the birth of Maria Hammond. Having been registered in Q1 of 1841 then there is no way that she could have been “3” in the 1841 census, occurring on 6^th June, but she could very well have been “3 months”. This is a prime example of the reliance on a single source having you chasing phantoms.

None of their children’s births were registered in Nottingham.

Comparing these events with the registers for Leicestershire parishes was informative.

Name	Date	Parish	Father Occ.	Abode
Maria	14 Oct 1842	Leic. St. Margaret	Shoemaker	Lower Church Gate [a]
Susanna	17 Oct 1843	Leic. St. Margaret	Shoemaker	Lower Church Gate [b]

Table 5 – Baptisms of children of John and Catherine Hammond in Leics.

[a] St. Margaret Parish (Leicester), Baptism Register, p.119, no.946; “Leicestershire baptisms”, database with images, Findmypast (www.findmypast.co.uk : accessed 15 May 2017); citing archive ref. 24D65/B5; Record Office for Leicestershire.

[b] St. Margaret Parish, Baptism Register, p.153, no.1218; “Leicestershire baptisms” (accessed 15 May 2017); citing archive ref. 24D65/B5.

Name	Date	Parish	Age	Abode
Maria	23 Oct 1842	Leic. St. Margaret	2	Lower Church Gate [a]
Susanna	5 Dec 1843	Leic. St. Margaret	Infant	Lower Church Gate [b]

Table 6 – Burials of children of John and Catherine Hammond in Leics.

[a] St. Margaret Parish (Leicester), Burial Register, p.192, no.1534; “Leicestershire burials”, database with images, Findmypast (www.findmypast.co.uk : accessed 15 May 2017); citing archive ref. 24D65/C4; Record Office for Leicestershire.

[b] St. Margaret Parish, Burial Register, p.236, no.1882; “Leicestershire burials” (accessed 15 May 2017); citing archive ref. 24D65/C4.

There are a couple of things to note here: only two of the children were ever baptised in Leicester, and both of them were baptised shortly before their death suggesting that they were sickly. Although this was an Anglican parish, a belief in Limbo of Infants would suggest that either John or Catherine may have been raised a Catholic. This theory is supported by the fact that their Harriett was later baptised in a Catholic parish of Nottingham.

Looking for baptisms of the earlier children, who all preceded civil registration, was not straightforward. The following were the only candidates that I could find.

Name	Date	Parish	Father Occ.	Abode
William	13 May 1820	Melton Mowbray	Shoemaker	Melton Mowbray [a]
Eliza	27 Apr 1831	Leic. St. George	Shoe maker	Chatham St., Leic. [b]
Catherine	11 May 1834	Nottm. St. Mary	Cordwainer	Pipe St., Nottm. [c]

Table 7 – Candidate baptisms for earlier children of John Hammond.

[a] Melton Mowbray Parish (Leicestershire), Baptism Register, p.84, no.666; “Leicestershire baptisms” (accessed 16 May 2017); citing archive ref. DG36/9.

[b] St. George Parish (Leicester), Baptism Register, p.100, no.799; “Leicestershire baptisms” (accessed 16 May 2017); citing archive ref. 3D71/17.

[c] Nottinghamshire Family History Society (NottsFHS), Parish Register Baptism Index, CD-ROM, database (Nottingham, 1 Jan 2013), database version 3.0, entry for Eliza Hammond, 11 May 1834, Nottingham St. Mary; CD hereinafter cited as NottsFHS-Baptisms.

It’s possible that, like the subsequent children, they were never baptised. Apart from these possibilities matching on father’s name, baptismal dates being very close to census birth dates, and on father’s occupation, they all had a mother whose name was Elizabeth. If they were the correct ones then it meant that I needed to search for an earlier marriage. It would also suggest that this Elizabeth’s preference was for children baptised in Anglican parishes, and hence that his second wife (Catherine) was the one with any Catholic leanings. The second of these baptisms was for an explicit “Eliza”, but her mother was “Elizabeth” and so the census use of the longer form would not be unexpected. Being pre–civil registration, we have to assume that the baptism place matches the birth place (unlike Harriett, above), but the geographical scattering would still need justifying — Pipe Street was in the Sneinton area of Nottingham, and Melton Mowbray is a small town about 20 miles NE of Leicester.

Elizabeth Hammond (maiden name yet to be determined) had died 22 Sep 1838 at 24 Narrow Marsh, Nottingham, aged 47, associated with “child birth”; occupation of her husband, John, was a cordwainer.[15] No living child was recorded from her pregnancy. The newspapers reported it as follows: “Nottingham, on the 24th instant, in childbed, aged 47, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. John Hammond, shoemaker, formerly of Leicester”,[16] and that confirms we have the correct person. Elizabeth was buried on 26 Sep 1838 at Nottingham St. Mary,[17] the same parish where her daughter, Catherine, was baptised four years before.

It was then easy to show that John Hammond’s marriage to Catherine Brewin was on 22 Jan 1840 at Leicester St. Margaret, well after the earlier three children were born. The marriage certificate confirmed that John was a widowed shoemaker living on Dover Street, Leicester.[18]

Since John had a particular job then checking the trade directories might give his address; however, after checking over a dozen ones covering the right locations and time periods, only the following two mentions could be found:

• [1846, Leic.] Jno. Hammonds [John Hammond], shoemkr [shoe maker]. Church gt [gate].[19]

• [1862, Nottm.] John Hammond, shoe maker, Pelican Street, Alfreton Road, Radford.[20]

There were no mentions in the London Gazette.

There were a small number of additional newspaper reports. In 1857, his residence was being auctioned along with others: "And also all those NINE MESSUAGES OR DWELLING-HOUSES situate in Pelican Street, New Radford, in the respective occupations of ... Mr. Hammond ...".[21] The following two were of court appearances:

 [1847] John Hammond, of Church-gate, was charged with neglecting to clean the street in front of the house, after night-soil [human excrement collected at night from buckets, cesspools, and outhouses and sometimes used as manure] had been emptied on Friday morning. The defendant stated that the water had been so much frozen that it was impossible to wash the causeway, but it was effected as soon as a thaw took place. Case dismissed.[22]

[1851] A middle-aged man, named John Hammond, a shoemaker of Wharf-street, was yesterday committed to the Borough Gaol for two months, in default of paying ten pounds, for grossly assaulting two girls of about eleven years each.[23]

But this still hadn’t identified who John’s first wife was so the Leicestershire marriages were searched for one between a John Hammond and any Elizabeth, before or near the birth of William in 1820. There were none! Given that Hammond was sometimes transcribed as Hammonds, the surname was relaxed to Hamm*, i.e. anything beginning “Hamm”, and it found just one candidate between 1812 and 1845, but it was between a John Hammans and Elizabeth Whalley on 7 Apr 1820 in the parish of Melton Mowbray.[24] Now this was very interesting because William was born in this same parish — in fact, he was baptised in the very next month — and if John was a visitor to the parish then the clerk might not have been familiar with his surname.

Coincidence? Well, we know that John’s Elizabeth was 47 when she died in 1838, and that would mean she was born in 1791. Elizabeth Whalley was born in Melton Mowbray on 2 Mar 1791,[25] and so that clinched it. The eleven-year gap between their first and second child might have something to do with this having been a shotgun wedding as no evidence of military service or imprisonment could be found during that period.

Lastly, the very next entry in the marriage register was for a Thomas Brewin; although unverified here, it is possible that he was a relation to John’s second wife (Catherine).

John died in Nottingham in 1865, aged 69, and was buried 29 Aug 1865 in Radford Christ Church.[26]

Catherine’s death didn’t show up in any of the parish registers because she was buried on 13 Aug 1881 in Nottingham’s privately-run General Cemetery, along with members of the Barradell family.

Name	Burial	Death
Marie Theresa De Bouvain	20 Jun 1899	Unrecorded
Catherine Hammond	13 Aug 1881	Unrecorded
John Barradell	26 Aug 1870	Unrecorded
Lillie Gadsby	3 Jul 1870	Unrecorded
Frank Barradell	26 Jun 1870	Unrecorded
Elizabeth Ann Barradell	25 Apr 1866	Unrecorded
Nelly Maria Barradell	17 Apr 1866	Unrecorded
Harry Woodhouse	24 Aug 1864	22 Aug 1864

Table 8 – Burial details for Catherine Hammond.[27]

Some incidental facts:

• John Hammond had other family in the Lower Church Street area of Leicester, including a William (another shoemaker) and a Jethro Joshua.
• One of the witnesses to John and Catherine’s marriage was a John Thomas Hallam. After Emma Elizabeth’s husband (Henry Barradell) died in 1891, she re-married to a Luke Hallam, and there may be a family connection there.

Earlier Children

So what of Elizabeth’s three children?

Catherine married a somewhat-older James Jackson — a dyer, born c1826 in Nottingham[28] — at Radford St. Peter, Nottingham, on 26 Dec 1864.[29] James died in 1898,[30] and in 1901 Catherine was living in Leicester with her 27-year-old daughter, Kate Elizabeth Jackson, born in Loughborough, Leics.[31]

Eliza eventually married a much younger man, John Jowett — a pawnbroker’s assistant, born c1846 in Basford, Nottingham[32] — in Leicester in 1867.[33] No church equivalent found. Using a combination of the census and newspaper reports, it can be shown that they moved from Leicester to Nottingham in 1891. Eliza died in Nottingham in c1917 aged 85.[34]

The eldest son, William, moved to Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, and married a Sarah Sanders of that place in 1847.[35] He became a master shoemaker,[36] and died in 1904.

·         At Leighton Buzzard, on the 29th ult. [29 Aug 1904], Mr. William Hammond, aged 83 years.[37]

·         21, HOCKLIFFE STREET, LEIGHTON BUZZARD. OLD-ESTABLISHED BOOT and SHOE BUSINESS. MRS. HAMMOND Begs to tender sincere thanks to the numerous ladies and gentlemen who have patronised her late husband during the period over fifty years has carried the above business, which, she takes this opportunity of apprising them, will in future be conducted by herself, in conjunction with her son, WILLIAM HAMMOND. She assures them that no pains will be spared to merit a continuance of the confidence so long reposed in her late husband, and hopes, by employing only skilled and experienced workmen, to merit the generous support of the public of the town and neighbourhood.[38]

Conclusion

It’s always a good plan to create a timeline for what you know. This can often shed new light on your information, and possibly explain changes and geographical movements.

Date	Event	Place
7 Apr 1820	Marriage of John to Elizabeth Whalley	Melton Mowbray, Leics.
13 May 1820	Baptism of son William	Melton Mowbray, Leics.
27 Apr 1831	Baptism of daughter Eliza	Chatham Street, Leic.
11 May 1834	Baptism of daughter Catherine	Pipe Street, Sneinton, Nottm.
22 Sep 1838	Death of John’s first wife (Elizabeth)	Narrow Marsh, Nottm.
22 Jan 1840	Marriage of John to Catherine Brewin	Dover Street, Leic.
14 Oct 1842	Baptism of daughter Maria	Lower Church Gate, Leic.
6 Jun 1841	Census	Lower Church Gate, Leic.
23 Oct 1842	Burial of daughter Maria	Lower Church Gate, Leic.
17 Oct 1843	Baptism of daughter Susanna	Lower Church Gate, Leic.
5 Dec 1843	Burial of daughter Susanna	Lower Church Gate, Leic.
Q1 1844	Birth reg. of daughter Emma Elizabeth	Leic. Union reg. district
Q4 1845	Birth reg. of daughter Anne Maria	Leic. Union reg. district
1846	Trade directory listing	Church gate, Leic.
Feb 1847	Court appearance over street cleaning	Church Gate, Leic.
Q2 1849	Birth reg. of son John Edward	Leic. reg. district
Q4 1850	Death reg. of son John Edward	Leic. reg. district
30 Mar 1851	Census	Wharf Street, Leic.
3 May 1851	Birth of daughter Harriett	Leic. reg. district
Sep 1851	Sentenced to two months for defaulting on £10 over assault	Wharf Street, Leic.
15 Jan 1857	Residence to be auctioned	Pelican St. New Radford
21 Feb 1858	Baptism of daughter Harriett	Nottm. St. Barnabas RC parish
7 Apr 1861	Census	Pelican St., Radford, Nottm.
1862	Trade directory listing	Pelican St., Radford, Nottm.
8 Jan 1863	Birth of Elizabeth Annie Hammond	Pelican St., Radford, Nottm.
11 Jun 1864	Marriage of Henry Barradell to Emma Elizabeth Hammond	Radford, Nottm.
29 Aug 1865	Burial of John Hammond	Radford Christ Church parish
13 Aug 1881	Burial of Catherine Hammond	Nottm. General Cemetery

Table 9 – Timeline for events in the life of John Hammond.

Another use of a timeline in situations like this one is locational consistency: if the locations of the similarly-named people changed after discrete periods of time (rather than randomly) then it strongly supports them being the same person. If there are records suggesting they were in different places at a similar time then it weakens the case, and if a single record suggests they were in different places at the same time then it’s a complete show-stopper.

The above timeline shows several movements between the two counties (Nottinghamshire in white, and Leicestershire in blue) but they were not random. In fact, they say something important about their lives. John and Elizabeth had tried to move to Nottingham between 1831 and 1834, but the death of Elizabeth in 1838 caused John to return home. After remarrying to Catherine, he came back to Nottingham between 1851 and 1857; whether this was related to the stigma of the preceding assault case and his subsequent imprisonment is just conjecture.

We’re now in a position to show a more realistic family tree for John Hammond.

Figure 3 – Researched family tree of John Hammond.

---

[1] Common British abbreviations used here: Nottm. (town of Nottingham), Notts. (county of Nottinghamshire), Leic. (town of Leicester), Leics. (county of Leicestershire).

[2] England, marriage certificate for Benjamin Webber and Elizabeth Annie Barradell, married 27 Feb1881; citing 7b/324/114, registered Nottingham 1881/Mar [Q1]; General Register Office (GRO), Southport.

[3] “1871 England Census”, database with images, Ancestry (www.ancestry.co.uk : accessed 10 May 2017), household of Henry Barradell (age 34); citing  RG 10/3527, folio 47, page 26; The National Archives of the UK (TNA).

[4] NottsFHS, Parish Register Marriage Index, CD-ROM, database (Nottingham, 1 Jan 2013), database version 3.0, entry for Henry Barradell and Elizabeth Emma Hammonds, 11 Jun 1864, Radford St. Peter; CD hereinafter cited as NottsFHS-Marriages. Transcribed GRO Index for England and Wales (1837–1983), database, FreeBMD (http://freebmd.rootsweb.com/cgi/seach.pl : accessed 10 May 2017), marriage entry for Henry Barradell and Elizabeth Emma Hammonds; citing Radford, 1864, Jun [Q2], vol.7b:211.

[5] “Marriages”, Nottinghamshire Guardian (17 Jun 1864): p.8.

[6] Online transcriptions of GRO birth and death index, General Register Office (https://www.gro.gov.uk/gro/content/certificates/indexes_search.asp : accessed 10 May 2017), entry for Emma Elizabeth Hammond; citing Leicester Union, 1844, Mar [Q1], vol.15:95; hereinafter cited as GRO-Births-Deaths.

[7] England, birth certificate for Elizabeth Ann Hammond, born 28 Jan 1863; citing 7b/171/286, registered Radford 1863/Mar [Q1]; GRO.

[8] Transcribed UK parish registers (pre-1837), database, FreeREG (http://www.freereg.org.uk/cgi/Search.pl : accessed 21 May 2017), marriage entry for Henry Barradell and Elizabeth Emma Hammonds [Emma Elizabeth Hammond], 11 Jun 1864; citing St. Peter (Radford, Nottingham).

[9] "1841 England Census", database with images,  Ancestry (www.ancestry.co.uk : accessed 13 May 2017), household of John Hammond (age 45); citing  HO 107/604, bk.17, fo.34, p.17; TNA.

[10] "1851 England Census" (accessed 13 May 2017), household of John Hammond (age 55); citing  HO 107/2088, fo.487, p.11.

[11] "1861 England Census" (accessed 13 May 2017), household of John Hammond (age 65, transcribed as 45); citing  RG 9/2448, fo.47, p.19.

[12] NottsFHS-Baptisms, entry for Harriett Hammond, 21 Feb 1858, Nottingham St. Barnabas; the RC parishes routinely included the mother’s maiden name (Brewin, in this case).

[13] GRO-Births-Deaths (accessed 15 May 2017), birth entry for Harriett Hammond; citing Leicester, 1851, Jun [Q2], vol.15:118.

[14] Data compiled from GRO-Births-Deaths (accessed 15 May 2017) by searching for Hammond births with mother’s maiden name of Brewin, in Leics. or Notts., and checking those children against the deaths index.

[15] England, death certificate for Elizabeth Hammond, died 22 Sep 1838; citing 15/342/157, registered Nottingham 1838/Sep [Q3]; GRO.

[16] “Deaths”, Leicestershire Mercury (29 Sep 1838): p.3.

[17] NottsFHS, Parish Register Burial Index, CD-ROM, database (Nottingham, 1 Jan 2013), database version 3.0, entry for Elizabeth Hammond, 22 Sep 1838, Nottingham St. Mary; CD hereinafter cited as NottsFHS-Burials.

[18] England, marriage certificate for John Hammond and Catherine Brewin, married 22 Jan 1840; citing 15/115/291, registered Leicester 1840/Mar [Q1]; GRO.

[19] History, Gazetteer & Directory of Leicestershire & Rutland, 1846, online PDF, University of Leicester, compiler, Historical Directories (http://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16445coll4/id/167136/rec/1 : accessed 16 May 2017), p.141, image 140/707, under “Hammonds Jno.”

[20] Wright's Nottingham Directory, 1862, online PDF, University of Leicester, compiler, Historical Directories (http://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16445coll4/id/112448/rec/2 : accessed 16 May 2017), p.98, under “HAMMOND John”; also p.200 and p.303.

[21] "Freehold Business premises ... to be SOLD by AUCTION, by Mr. J.M.POTT...", Nottinghamshire Guardian (15 and 22 Jan 1857): p.1, col.1, under "Lot 2".

[22] "Borough Police", Leicester Journal (19 Feb 1847): p.1, col.5.

[23] “ASSAULT”, Leicester Chronicle (13 Sep 1851): p.3, col.3, under "Leicester Trade".

[24] Melton Mowbray Parish (Leicestershire), Marriage Register, p.45, no.134; “Leicestershire marriages”, database with images, Findmypast (www.findmypast.co.uk : accessed 16 May 2017), entry for John Hammans [Hammond] and Elizabeth Whalley, 7 Apr 1820; citing archive ref. DG36/20; Record Office for Leicestershire.

[25] Melton Mowbray Parish (Leicestershire), Baptism Register, p.2 (not printed), no.9; “Leicestershire baptisms” (accessed 16 May 2017), entry for Elizabeth Whalley, 2 Mar 1791 (transcribed as 9 Mar 1791); citing archive ref. DG36/5.

[26] NottsFHS-Burials, entry for John Hammonds [Hammond], 29 Aug 1865, Radford Christ Church.

[27] “The central database for UK burials and cremations”, database with images, deceased online (www.deceasedonline.com : accessed 15 May 2017), entries for grave of Catherine Hammond, 1881, Nottingham General Cemetery, grave ref. /19849.

[28] “1891 England Census" (accessed 13 May 2017), household of James Jackson (age 70); citing  RG 12/2528, fo.69, p.5.

[29] FreeREG (accessed 17 May 2017), marriage entry for Catherine Hammond and James Jackson, 26 Dec 1864; citing St. Peter (Radford, Nottingham).

[30] FreeBMD (accessed 18 May 2017), death entry for James Jackson; citing Nottingham, 1898, Dec [Q4], vol.7b: 215.

[31] “1901 England Census" (accessed 18 May 2017), household of Kate Jackson (age 67); citing  RG 13/2988, fo.170, p.14. GRO-Births-Deaths (accessed 18 May 2017), birth entry for Kate Elizabeth Jackson; citing Loughborough, 1872, Dec [Q4], vol.7a:119.

[32] “1891 England Census" (accessed 18 May 2017), household of John Jowett (age 45); citing  RG 12/2683, fo.67, p.9.

[33] FreeBMD (accessed 18 May 2017), marriage entry for John Jowett and Eliza Hammond; citing Leicester, 1867, Dec [Q4], vol.7a:525.

[34] FreeBMD (accessed 18 May 2017), death entry for Eliza Jowett; citing Nottingham, 1917, Mar [Q1], vol.7b:487.

[35] FreeBMD (accessed 16 May 2017), marriage entry for William Hammond and Sarah Sanders; citing Leighton Buzzard, 1847, Dec [Q4], vol.6:164.

[36] "1851 England Census" (accessed 16 May 2017), household of William Hammond (age 30); citing  HO 107/1756, fo.150, p.15.

[37] “Deaths”, Bucks Herald (3 Sep 1904): p.8.

[38] Leighton Buzzard Observer and Linslade Gazette (27 Sep 1904): p.4.