Back in Impediment
to Marriage, I made a case for Thomas Meads, of Epperstone, Nottingham,
having never married Margaret Hallam because (a) she was born Margaret Astling
and was already married to Thomas Hallam, and (b) that Thomas Hallam was a
prisoner of war in Napoleonic France, so absent but not deceased. I now want to
follow-up on some the suggested further research, and show how this became an
exercise in correlation and visualisation.
Figure 1 – Battle of Fuengirola, Spain, 1810.[1]
The previous article noted that Margaret’s illegitimate
children could have become a financial burden on the parish of Epperstone, and so
the parish officers would have taken a keen interest in knowing who the father
was. It also noted that Margaret later seemed to be accepted in that parish,
which was the parish of settlement of Thomas Meads (her partner), rather than Screveton,
which was the parish of settlement of her husband.
A search for maintenance orders and bastardy bonds at the
Nottinghamshire Archives found nothing, but there was evidence of a removal order
for Margaret Hallam from Epperstone back to Screveton.
The original removal orders have not survived but the removal
order minute books have. The following two entries document a removal order
having been served, and a successful appeal against it by the parish of
Screveton.
10 Jul 1815:
Whereas a warrant on order of
removal under the hands and seals of Francis Evans Esq., and the Rev’d John
Kirkby, Clerk two of his Majesty’s Justices of the Peace in and for the County
of Nottingham (one being of the Quoram) bearing date the 28 day of June last,
Margaret Hallam the wife of Thomas Hallam and their three children born since
her marriage, James aged about 8 years, Mary aged about 6 years and a half and
Henry aged about 5 years, were removed from the Parish of Epperstone in the
County of Nottingham to the Parish of Screveton in the said County as the last
place of their legal settlement and the said Parish of Screveton appealing at
this sessions against the said warrant or order of removal. The same was
ordered to be filed among the records of this sessions and such appeal to be
respited to the next General quarter sessions of the Peace to be holden at the
Shire Hall in Nottingham in and for the said County of Nottingham.[2]
16 Oct 1815 (appeal):
Whereas an appeal was entered at
the last General quarter sessions of the peace holden at the Shire Hall in
Nottingham in and for the County of Nottingham on the part of the Parish of
Screveton in the County of Nottingham against a warrant of removal whereby
Margaret Hallam, the wife of Thomas Hallam and their three children born since
her marriage James aged about 8 years, Mary aged about 6 years and a half and
Henry aged about 5 years were removed from the Parish of Epperstone in the
County of Nottingham to the said Parish of Screveton as the place of their last
legal settlement and the same was respited to this sessions and the merits
thereof being now tried and counsel and witness heard on both sides, it is
ordered by the court that the said warrant or order of removal so far as
respects the settlement of the said Margaret Hallam the mother be confirmed and
so far as respects the settlement of her said children be discharged.[3]
Although the minuted details were brief, these entries do
confirm Margaret’s situation, and her relationship to Thomas Hallam of
Screveton. More interesting, though, is what was not recorded.
The words describe Thomas Hallam in the present tense, implying
that he was not deceased, but they also talk about her first three children as
though they belonged to Thomas and Margaret Hallam. The Epperstone parish
register clearly shows that no father was recorded on their baptisms, and that
the clerk had added annotation of “base [born]” (see previous article). If
Thomas Hallam had been present then he would have strongly contested the
suggestion that they were his, and so we can infer that he was not only absent
but uncontactable.
From the Settlement Act 1662 until Removal Act 1795, the
Overseers of the Poor could remove anyone entering a parish that might become a
burden on it. That removal could happen within 40 days of a notice being
published. From 1795, no non-settled person could be removed from a parish
unless he or she actually applied for relief. Also, a person would acquire
settlement rights if they managed to stay for 40 days, and any illegitimate
children were granted settlement where they were born.[4]
This raises an interesting question: what was the trigger
for this removal order. Margaret’s children were all baptised, and presumably
born, in Epperstone, and so she had been there for several years without an
order being served. It wasn’t the death of Thomas Mead’s wife, Martha, as she
was buried later that year, on 8 Dec 1815. The previous article makes the case
that her husband, Thomas Hallam, had returned from France in the spring of the
previous year (1814), but had re-married (illegally) to Sarah Astin on 19 Dec
1814 in Nottingham. The obvious conclusion is that Margaret had applied for
parish relief during 1815.
But the appeal suggests that the order was confirmed for
Margaret but not for her children — enforcement of which I cannot imagine. If
Margaret was deemed to be settled in Screveton still then it implies that her
husband was known to be alive and that the parish of settlement associated with
him had greater weight than her having resided in Epperstone for some years. Maybe
she was removed because it was another four years before her and Thomas Meads
had a further five children together in Epperstone, and where the baptisms openly
recorded the names of both parents.
One last mystery: the minute book only mentions three of
Margaret’s children; Charlotte was baptised in Epperstone on 31 Jan 1813, so
why wasn’t she mentioned? No evidence of her dying could be found, and it
appears that she eventually married a William Brand on 23 Sep 1832 at nearby
Lowdham St. Mary the Virgin.[5]
Two of the parish register extracts used in the previous
article had a note indicating “family details on fiche”. These registers, and
their fiche copies, are available in the Nottinghamshire Archives, and those
details were as follows:
Figure 2 – Baptism entry for Margaret Astling, 1784,
Coddington, Nottinghamshire.[6]
Margaret Asling daughter of James
Astling
of Coddington Taylor son of James
Astling
of Coddington labourer by Mary
his wife
Elizabeth the wife of James
Astling daughter
of Wm. Dickinson of Long
Bennington in
Lincolnshire labourer by Rebecca
his
wife Born on Tuesday the 28th
September [1784]
Baptised on Sunday 10th October[7]
Elizabeth the wife of James Asling
of Coddington, Taylor, daughter of Richard Taylor of Coddington, Labourer by
Elizabeth his wife died 30th January [1783], buried 1st of February, in the
church yard/aged 52 years/Distemper fever.[8]
In pre-modern medicine, an excess or deficiency of any of
four distinct bodily fluids known as humors (blood, yellow bile, black bile,
and phlegm) directly influenced their temperament and health; hence distemper. What it equates to now can
only be conjecture.
These two notes give plenty of information about the lineage
of James, and of the two wives: Elizabeth Taylor and Elizabeth Baker/Dickinson.
For the latter — the mother of Margaret Astling — we have her father’s surname
as Dickinson but we’ve already established that James had married an Elizabeth
Baker. It was not hard to show that Elizabeth Dickinson was baptised on 4 Jul
1743 to William Dickinson and Rebecca Goodbarne in Long Bennington,
Lincolnshire,[9] and had been
previously married to Thomas Baker in Coddington since 25 Aug 1766.[10]
Looking at James, we have a typically frustrating problem
because the same given name was used in different generations. Not only that, there
was at least one case of multiple marriages, and several instances of spouses
called Elizabeth or Mary. Trying to reconstitute families based purely on their
names and parish is not a good plan, and you really have to correlate the event
dates with their ages and any other details such as register notes, witnesses,
being a widow(er), being of a different parish, etc. I already had a feeling
that this was going to be a cat’s cradle.
So, James Astling2,
the father of Margaret Astling, had parents James Astling1 and Mary. Looking for a potential marriage to a Mary
revealed a strong candidate Mary Hall, in Averham — only five miles W of
Coddington — but the specific details depended on which database was consulted.
|
Date
|
Groom
|
Database
|
|
1725
|
Jacob Asling
|
"England Marriages,
1538–1973", FamilySearch
|
|
6 Feb 1726
|
Jacob Asling
|
Nottinghamshire Family
History Society (NottsFHS), Parish
Register Marriage Index, CD-ROM, database (Nottingham, 1 Jan 2013),
database version 3.0; CD hereinafter cited as NottsFHS-Marriages.
|
|
6 Feb 1725/6
|
Jacob Asling
|
FreeReg
|
|
1725
|
Jacob Asling
|
“England Marriages
1538-1973”, Findmypast
|
|
6 Feb 1725
|
Jacob Holing
|
“Nottinghamshire Marriages
Index 1528-1929”, Bishops’ Transcripts, Findmypast
|
|
6 Feb 1726
|
Jacob Asling
|
“Nottinghamshire Marriages
Index 1528-1929”, Findmypast
|
|
1725
|
James Ashling
|
“England, Boyd's Marriage
Indexes, 1538-1850”, Archdeaconry Marriage Licences, Findmypast
|
|
6 Feb 1725-6
|
James Ashling
|
“Nottinghamshire, England,
Extracted Church of England Parish Records”, Abstracts of Marriage Licences, Ancestry
|
|
6 Feb 1725
|
Jacob Asling
|
“England & Wales
Marriages, 1538-1988”, Ancestry
|
|
1725
|
Jacob Asling
|
“England, Select Marriages,
1538–1973”, Ancestry
|
Table 1 – Marriage details for Mary
Hall, c1726, at Averham St Michael & All Angels, Nottinghamshire (all sources
accessed 4 Jul 2017):
Here, we have two different years, and at least two
different names — we can easily rule out “Holing” as a transcription error.
It’s difficult to tell exactly which of the databases are independent and which
are copies of each other, but there are clearly two sources of information
having contributed to them: details of the marriage itself, and details of a
marriage licence.
In order to resolve these differences, I consulted a couple
of slightly older non-database sources: Phillimore’s marriage register extracts
(1912), and abstracts of Nottinghamshire marriage licenses from the Archdeaconry
Court (1935). They provided the following details
Jacob Asling, of Coddington, &
Mary Hall, 6 Feb. “ [1725 implied with ‘ditto’, but entry preceded 5 May 1726].[11]
[1725-6 recorded at top of page]
Feb. 6, James Ashling, of Coddington, yeom., & Mary Hall, at Averham. [Bond
by John Hall, of Upton, yeom.].[12]
(second brackets in original text)
It can be seen in both of these sources that the progression
of the dated entries is according to the Julian calendar, and so the date was
really 6 Feb 1725/6, where 1725 was the (Julian) civil year and 1726 was the
historical year. See Synchronised
Dates. This doesn’t excuse those database dates being all over the place
but it does now make sense. James’s surname is slightly different in the two
sources, and the use of Jacob as his
given name may be explained by Jacob
and James being cognates of each other.
More importantly, these sources both confirm that it was our
James1 of interest, from
Coddington.
Prior to the Marriage Act 1753
(26 Geo. II. c33), canon law of the Church of England had required that banns
should be called or a marriage licence obtained before a valid marriage could
be conducted. It also required that the marriage took place in the parish in
which one of the parties had resided for four weeks, although the reality was
more flexible. The Act tightened this up and the marriage had to take
place in the parish where one of the parties resided; the four-week requirement
was eventually reduced to fifteen days in 1823.
The banns of marriage were a public proclamation of an
intended marriage in three consecutive weeks, on either Sundays or some holy
day in the parish church. The Act restricted this to just Sundays, but
originally — in Cromwell’s time — they could have also been called on three market
days in the local market place. Either way, it was a very public affair, and
one reason for taking the licence route — if you could afford it — was to keep
it more private. Another reason was that it reduced the three-week waiting
period, and so may have been chosen if there was some urgency, such as an
impending birth. This may have been the case here as their first son (James)
died just seven months after their marriage.
The databases containing parish register extracts are nearly
always deficient in their transcribed details, thus resulting in many rash
associations being made. Ideally, it’s best to consult the original registers,
or some image copies of their entries, but in this case I used the
aforementioned Phillimore marriage register extracts. In fact, I used the
NottsFHS marriage database as an index, and then checked for extra details in
the (dated but unindexed) Phillimore extracts. This could provide additional
information to help correlate the marriages with births and burials. The goal
was to account for all the James, Mary, and Elizabeth Astlings (and variants)
in the local area, and so form the backbone of a family reconstitution.
|
Date
|
Groom
|
Bride
|
Parish
|
|
15 Jun 1735
|
James ASLING
|
Elizabeth WILLSON
|
Coddington all Saints
|
|
19 Aug 1751
|
James ASLING
|
Mary FRANDELL
|
Newark St Mary Magdalene
|
|
27 Jul 1756
|
Edward ASLING
|
Mary BOWMAN
|
Coddington all Saints
|
|
18 Mar 1775
|
James ASHLING
|
Elizabeth TAYLOR
|
Coddington all Saints
|
|
22 Jul 1784
|
James ASLING
|
Elizabeth BAKER
|
Coddington all Saints
|
|
3 Jul 1787
|
John ASLIN
|
Elizabeth WHAITE
|
Barnby-in-the-Willow All
Saints
|
|
24 Dec 1798
|
James ASLING
|
Elizabeth WATSON
|
Coddington all Saints
|
Table 2 – NottsFHS Marriage database
entries for instances of James, Mary, Elizabeth Astling.
I included Mary Frandell here since it is not a common
surname (even including the –del(l) and –dal(l) variants), and the only
marriages were of three daughters in this Newark parish. It is quite likely,
then, that James was from a neighbouring parish, such as Coddington.
These marriage dates were then checked in the Phillimore extracts
to see if further details were available. Those registers use the following
common abbreviations.
b. = bachelor
w. = widower or
widow
p. = of the
parish of
s. = spinster,
single woman or son
lic.= marriage
licence
James Asling & Elizabeth
Willson ... 15 June 1735.[13]
James Asling & Mary Frandell
... 19 Aug 1751.[14]
Edward Asling, aged 25 years,
& Mary Bowman, aged 25 years ... 27 July 1756.[15]
[Calc. birth years: Edward c1731, Mary c1731]
Thomas Baker, aged 27 years,
& Elisabeth Dickinson, aged 23 years … 25 Aug. 1766.[16]
[Calc. birth years: Thomas c1739, Elisabeth c1743]
James Ashling, aged 47 years, w.,
& Elizabeth Taylor, aged above 43 years, lic. 18 Mar 1775.[17]
[Calc. birth years: James c1728, Elizabeth c1732]
James Asling, aged 55 years, w.,
taylor, & Elizabeth Baker, aged 40 years, w., .. 22 July 1784.[18]
[Calc. birth years: James c1729, Elizabeth c1744]
John Aslin, b., p. Coddington,
& Elizabeth Whaite, s. ... 3 July 1787.[19]
James Asling, w., aged 40 years
and upwards, & Elizabeth Watson, aged 26 years and upwards, lic. ... 24
Dec. 1798.[20] [Calc.
birth years: James c1758, Elizabeth c1772]
The marriage of James Ashling to Elizabeth Taylor was by
licence, but the date was beyond the range of the Blagg and Wadsworth
abstracts, vol.II, in my possession. The following marriage details were
obtained from the Nottinghamshire Archives.
James Ashling aged above forty
seven years, a widower, and Elizabeth Taylor aged above forty three year both
of this Parish in the County of Nottingham were married in this church by
licence from H. Wade, Surrogate this Eighteenth day of March in the year of our
Lord 1775 by me Thomas Wakefield, Vicar of East Stoke.
This marriage was solemnized
between us:
James Ashling (Signed); Elizabeth
x (Her mark) Taylor
In the presence of Michael
Ashwell, Henry Aldridge, Samuel Birkett[21]
There were details of a corresponding marriage bond in the
University of Nottingham’s online catalogue of manuscripts and special
collections.
Title: Marriage bond, Coddington 18.3.1775
Date of Creation: 18.3.1775
Extent: 2ff
Level: Item/file
Persons:
Code: NA12405: Person Name: Ashwell, Michael, fl 1775 (Farmer
of Coddington, Nottinghamshire) — bondsman, signed.
Code: NA12406: Asling, James, fl
1775 (Taylor of Coddington, Notts) — groom, widower, aged 47, signed.
Code: NA12407: Taylor, Elizabeth,
fl 1775 (of Coddington, Notts) — bride, spinster, aged 43.[22]
The following baptisms and burials of a James, Elizabeth,
and Mary Astling (and variants) were found in the NottsFHS databases.
|
Date
|
Name
|
Age
|
Register Notes
|
|
1 Aug 1726
|
James ASLIN
|
-
|
Son of James
|
|
1 May 1735
|
Mary ASLING
|
-
|
|
|
18 Dec 1735
|
John ASLING
|
-
|
Son of James
|
|
2 Jan 1756
|
James ASLING
|
-
|
|
|
28 Dec 1769
|
Thomas ASSLEN
|
-
|
Son of James & Mary
|
|
26 May 1772
|
Mary ASLEN
|
-
|
Wife of James
|
|
1 Feb 1783
|
Elizabeth ASLING
|
52
|
Wife of James. Distemper
fever. [Calc. birth year 1731]
|
|
10 Oct 1789
|
James ASTLING
|
-
|
P.P. [possibly “parish
priest”, which is more Catholic, or per procurationem: “on behalf of”]
|
|
17 Jul 1798
|
Elizabeth ASTLING
|
40
|
Wife of James. Of a
lingering consumption. [Calc. birth year 1758]
|
|
9 Jul 1815
|
James ASLING
|
60
|
[Calc. birth year 1755]
|
|
11 Nov 1824
|
Elizabeth ASLIN
|
80
|
[Calc. birth year 1744]
|
|
Date
|
Given name
|
Father
|
Mother
|
Notes
|
|
17 Sep 1727
|
James
|
James ASLIN
|
Mary
|
Comprises one generation of
1727–1735.
|
|
19 Jul 1730
|
Edward
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
10 Sep 1732
|
Mary
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
13 Apr 1735
|
John
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
26 Aug 1753
|
Mary
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
Comprises a second
generation, following an 18-year gap, of 1753–1770.
|
|
5 Feb 1755
|
James [a]
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
14 Nov 1756
|
John
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
1 Oct 1758
|
Edward
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
2 Mar 1760
|
Joseph
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
25 Apr 1762
|
Sharlot
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
11 Sep 1763
|
Sarah
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
24 Mar 1765
|
David
|
James ASLING
|
Mary
|
|
|
1 May 1768
|
Thomas
|
James ASHLIN
|
Mary
|
|
|
29 Apr 1770
|
Martha
|
Jamas ASLEN
|
Mary
|
|
|
10 Oct 1784
|
Margaret
|
James ASTLING
|
Elizabeth
|
Born 28 Sep 1784. Father’s occupation “taylor”.
|
[a] This baptism was at
Orston St. Mary, but I’ve included it for reasons presented below.
I had included the “James Asling” who was baptised at Orston
St. Mary — just 10 miles S of Coddington, and a mere 5 miles SW of Long Bennington
— since there is a reference to such a person in the Coddington marriage and burial
registers, and yet there were no other Astling references (including variants)
in the Orston registers in the 17th or 18th Centuries.[25]
The following table merges these referenced personae
according to various correlated properties. The birth year calculations for
marriages where no ages were given, and also for childbirths, use the age of
“free” marriage when parental consent was unnecessary: 21. The Church of
England minimum for that time was only 12 for girls and 14 for boys, but such
cases were rare; the average age was actually mid-twenties.[26]
The mathematical symbols ‘<’ and ‘>’ are used to
indicate ‘before’ and ‘after’, respectively.
|
Name
|
Lifespan
|
Ref.
|
Context
|
Correlation
|
|
Mary
|
||||
|
Hall
|
(< c1705)–(> 1726)
|
Phillimore
|
m. James Ashling
|
Mary Hall married James
Ashling1 in Averham, and
had 5 children (4 baptised).She died in 1735, the same year as her infant son
(John).
|
|
Asling
|
(< c1706)–(> 1735)
|
Table 4
|
Baptisms of 4 children
|
|
|
Asling
|
?–May 1735
|
Table 3
|
Burial
|
|
|
Frandell
|
(< c1730)–(> 1751)
|
Phillimore
|
m. James Asling
|
Mary married James2 in 1751. After baptising
10 children, she died in 1772, just a couple of years after her last child
(Martha).
|
|
Asling
|
(< c1732)–(> 1770)
|
Table 4
|
Baptisms of 10 children
|
|
|
Aslen
|
?–May 1772
|
Table 3
|
Burial. “Wife of James”
|
|
|
Bowman
|
c1731–(> 1756)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Edward Asling
|
|
|
|
||||
|
James
|
||||
|
Ashling
|
(< c1705)–(> 1727)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Mary Hall
|
James1 married Mary in 1726, but she died in 1735 after 5
children. James1
remarried to Elizabeth Willson in the same year.
|
|
Asling
|
(< c1714)–(> 1735)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Elizabeth Willson
|
|
|
Aslin
|
?–Aug 1726
|
Table 3
|
Burial. “Son of James”
|
First son of James and Mary
Hall
|
|
Aslin
|
Sep 1727–?
|
Table 4
|
Baptised son of James &
Mary
|
Second son of James and
Mary Hall
|
|
Asling
|
(< c1730)–(> 1751)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Mary Frandell
|
James2 was born 1727, married Mary in 1751, Elizabeth
Taylor in 1775, and Elizabeth (Dickinson) Baker in 1784.
|
|
Ashling (w.)
|
c1728–(> 1775)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Elizabeth Taylor
|
|
|
Asling (w.)
|
c1729–(> 1784)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Elizabeth Baker
|
|
|
Asling
|
?–Jan 1756
|
Table 3
|
Burial
|
James1.
|
|
Astling
|
?–Oct 1789
|
Table 3
|
Burial
|
James2.
|
|
Asling
|
c1755–Jul 1815
|
Table 3
|
Burial
|
James3, son of James2
and Mary Frandell. Elizabeth Watson was his second wife, his first
(also Elizabeth) having died earlier the same year.
|
|
Asling
|
Feb 1755–?
|
Table 4
|
Baptised son of James &
Mary
|
|
|
Asling (w.)
|
c1758–(> 1798)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Elizabeth Watson
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Elizabeth
|
||||
|
Willson
|
(< c1714)–(> 1735)
|
Phillimore
|
m. James Asling
|
Of the same generation as
Mary Hall, who died in 1735, and so must be the second wife of James1.
|
|
Dickinson
|
c1743–(> 1766)
|
Phillimore
|
m. Thomas Baker
|
Elizabeth Dickinson married
Thomas Baker, and then James Asling2.
She gave birth to just one child: Margaret Astling. She died aged 80.
|
|
Baker
|
c1744–(> 1784)
|
Phillimore
|
m. James Asling (w.)
|
|
|
Aslin
|
c1744–Nov 1824
|
Table 3
|
Burial
|
|
|
Whaite
|
(< c1766)–(> 1787)
|
Phillimore
|
m. John Aslin
|
|
|
Taylor
|
c1732–(> 1775)
|
Phillimore
|
m. James Ashling (w.)
|
Second wife of James2.
|
|
Asling
|
c1731–Feb 1783
|
Table 3
|
Burial. “Wife of James”
|
|
|
Watson
|
c1772-(> 1798)
|
Phillimore
|
m. James Asling (w.)
|
James3 married an unidentified Elizabeth but she died in
1798. He then married a much younger Elizabeth Watson the same year.
|
|
Astling
|
c1758–Jul 1798
|
Table 3
|
Burial. “Wife of James”
|
|
Table 5 – Correlation of personae for
James, Elizabeth and Mary Astling (and variants).
These results might be difficult to visualise but the
following tree will help enormously.
[ Followers of my Interactive
Trees in Blogs Using SVG post will notice the use of another option, here:
employing browser tooltips to display background details for people and
families. Just hover over the person or corresponding green family circle in the expanded version. ]
Figure 3 – Lineage of Margaret Hallam, née Astling.
This further research wholly supports the conclusions in the
previous article, but adds a little more detail.
The one weak point remains the military document suggesting
that Margaret’s husband, Thomas Hallam, was a POW in Napoleonic France until the
spring of 1814 since it didn’t confirm his place-of-birth. All other military
references to a Thomas Hallam could be dismissed, and this remaining one gave
the correct year of birth.
More than that, there was no evidence for any other
explanation of why Thomas was clearly absent for those years, or why he made a
subsequent appearance during 1814.
My thanks to Christine
Davies, Nottingham genealogist, who helped me source information from the
Nottinghamshire Archives.
** UPDATE 21 Aug 2017**
A James Ashen was baptised in Coddington All Saints on 22 Jul 1726 to a James and Mary. This is almost certainly the first child of James Astling and Mary Hall, which I could not
locate before as it must have been a transcription error of 'Ashlin'. [NottsFHS-Baptisms]
[1]
January Suchodolski
(1797–1875), “Battle of
Fuengirola”; image credit: Jan Białostocki, Juliusz A.
Chrościcki, 1981, [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File
%3ABitwa_pod_Fuengirol%C4%853.jpg
: accessed 8 Jul 2017).
[2]
Removal order minute
books, Nottinghamshire Archives, document ref: QSM
1/37, entry dated 10 Jul 1815;
transcribed by C. Davies.
[4]
Terrick V. H.
FitzHugh, The Dictionary of Genealogy: A
guide to British ancestry research (Sherbourne: ALPHABOOKS, 1985), pp. 270,
273.
[5]
NottsFHS-Marriages, entry for Wiliam Brand and Charlotte Hallam, 23
Sep 1832, Lowdham St. Mary the Virgin.
[6]
Coddington All Saints
parish, Nottinghamshire, parish register images, Nottinghamshire Archives, fiche 2 (14 May 1727 – 6 Aug 1809), entry for baptism of Margaret
Astling, 10 Oct 1784; image cropped for specific entry.
[8]
Coddington All Saints
parish, Nottinghamshire, parish register images, Nottinghamshire Archives, fiche 3 (22 Oct 1781 – 25 Dec 1812), entry for burial of Elizabeth
Asling, 1 Feb 1783; transcribed by C. Davies.
[9]
"England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975",
database, FamilySearch
(https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JQ5S-FJZ : 30 December 2014),
Elizabeth Dickinson, baptised 4
Jul 1743; citing LONG BENNINGTON, LINCOLN, ENGLAND;
FHL microfilm 421,919.
"England Marriages, 1538–1973", database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NF4T-SZB : 10
December 2014), William Dickenson and Rebecca Goodbarne, 27 Nov 1738; citing Long
Bennington, Lincoln, England; FHL microfilm 1,542,183.
[10]
NottsFHS-Marriages, entry for Thomas Baker and Elizabeth
Dickinson, 25 Aug 1766, Coddington All Saints parish.
[11]
W. P. W Phillimore and Thos. M. Blagg, Nottinghamshire Parish Registers,
Marriages, vol. XVII (London:
Phillimore & Co. Ltd., 1912), "Marriages at Averham",
p.54; PDF images on CD, Archive CD
Books (2003–2005).
[12]
Thos. M. Blagg and F. Arthur Wadsworth, Abstracts of Nottinghamshire Marriage Licences (Vol. 2) 1701-1853 (London:
The British Record Society, 1935),
“Archdeaconry Court 1701 – 1753”, p.244; PDF images on CD, Archive CD
Books (2004).
[13]
Phillimore Marriage
Registers, vol. III, “Marriages at Coddington”, p.45, entry for James Asling, 15 Jun 1735.
[14]
Phillimore Marriage
Registers, vol. IV, “Newark-upon-Trent Marriage Registers”, p.160, entry for
James Asling, 19 Aug 1751.
[15]
Phillimore Marriage
Registers, vol. III, “Marriages at Coddington”, p.46, entry for Edward Asling, 27
Jul 1756.
[19]
Phillimore Marriage
Registers, vol. III, “Marriages at Barnby-in-the-Willows”, p.41, entry for John
Aslin, 3 Jul 1787.
[20]
Phillimore Marriage
Registers, vol. III, “Marriages at Coddington”, p.50, entry for James Asling, 24
Dec 1798.
[21]
Coddington All Saints
parish, Nottinghamshire, parish register images, Nottinghamshire Archives, fiche 7 (8 Nov1764 – 26 Nov
1782), entry for marriage of James Ashling to
Elizabeth Taylor, 18 Mar 1775;
transcribed by C. Davies.
[22]
Marriage Bond, document ref: AN/MB/171/36,
Manuscripts and Special Collections, University
of Nottingham (http://mss-
cat.nottingham.ac.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=ANMB%2f171%2f36&pos=1 : accessed 15 Jul 2017); citing marriage bond, Coddington
[Nottinghamshire], 18.3.1775.
[23]
NottsFHS,
Parish Register
Burial Index, CD-ROM, database
(Nottingham, 1 Jan 2013), database version 3.0, entries relating to surname As%l%n% at
Coddington All Saints, filtered for references to James, Elizabeth, or Mary;
CD hereinafter cited as NottsFHS-Burials.
[24]
NottsFHS, Parish Register Baptism
Index, CD-ROM, database (Nottingham, 1 Jan 2013), database version 3.0, entries relating to a James As%l%n% at
Coddington All Saints; tabulated entry for James was actually from Orston St. Mary parish,
as indicated in the tablenote; CD hereinafter cited as
NottsFHS-Baptisms.
[25]
NottsFHS parish
databases (NottsFHS-Baptisms, NottsFHS-Marriages, NottsFHS-Burials), entries for surname As%l%n% at Orston St. Mary
parish.
[26]
Rebecca Probert, Marriage Law for
Genealogists: the
definitive guide (Kenilworh: Takeaway, 2016), pp.110, 124.
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